How useful is the concept of the balance of power‟ for understanding international security today

How useful is the concept of the balance of power‟ for understanding international security today Introduction In the highly dynamic world that we live in today, where nations constantly compete for power and influence, the concept of power balance is extremely vital to check and balance those holding power.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How useful is the concept of the â€Å"balance of power‟ for understanding international security today? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in spite of the remarkable global progress that has been made with regards to the balance of power and betterment of international security; Kochler (3) says that â€Å"no balance of power has emerged yet since the collapse of the post-World War II system of international relations.† In essence, this means that there is still a lot that needs to be done if the concept of â€Å"balance of power† is to be well implemented and its benefits enjoyed. In this paper, the major focus will be on highlighting the usefulnes s of the power balance in understanding international security. In addition, other important aspects of international power balance like globalization will also be detailed. Importantly, relevant concepts, ideas, facts and authoritative scholarly opinion on power balance sourced from relevant books and articles will be used to further the arguments presented herein. But before delving into such intricacies, what really do mean by balance of power? Essentially, in politics, power is viewed variably by different scholars. However, in summary, power generally refers to the measure of one’s influence or control over resources, capabilities, outcomes, events or even issues. A person, country, region that exhibits influence- based on the above essentialities- is thus said to have power. In measuring global power, issues like economic stability, military strength, technological advancements and geopolitical power are normally assessed (Wohlforth 6). The balance of power, therefore, denotes the existence of some parity or stability among those in power (Waltz 20-30). In other words, balance of power describes a situation whereby there is some equilibrium between the competing forces. According to (Sheehan 10-15), the major aim of international balancing power is to ensure that no nation becomes too strong to the point that it imposes its dominance over the rest. Fortunately or unfortunately, depending on how you look at it, the U.S wields most powers in the world today and through that; it has been allegedly using its unipolar power position to exert influence on other nations (Wohlforth 5-7). An explicative discussion of how this has affected the world today- will be circumspectly detailed in the later parts of this essay.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Principally, when we talk of international security, reference is being made to the well-being of countries across the world. This well-being covers aspects like food-security, health security, economic security, security from lawlessness and events like war, and security from acts of terrorism, among many others. According to (Nexon 335-340), power balance and international security are two interrelated concepts that mutually affect and reinforce each other concomitantly. This is based on the fact that the balance of power duly influences security just in the same way good security boosts the balance of power. It is based on this reason that the discussions presented below will address these two issues concurrently. Major Aspects of Power Balance- With Regards to International Security Today Just in the same way there are numerous definitions on power, the balance of power also has several aspects. In studying these aspects, as presented by various scholars, the following three main issues come up. Firstly, the main objective of power balance is to ensure that there is a checke d control of those in power. This is majorly to keep them from misusing their powers and endangering other people’s security. Secondly, most nations and states rout for power balance for the basic purpose of self preservation. In the perilously competitive world we live in today, most nations only care about themselves (Hay 20-30). Once they realize that they have inadequate power or influence to meet their needs and wants, their second-best option is normally to ensure that those with the power are regulated in a way their needs are met, at the end of the day, in one way or another (Mearsheimer 15-25). Thirdly, and finally, there have been increased complaints regarding the superiority of the U.S and how it has been managing its powers (Wohlforth 34). To such complainants, the only way of ensuring that their security is fortified is by pushing for power balance agendas. Based on these three aspects, which embody many other aspects in them, there have been continuous push-and -pull forces regarding the concept of power balance. It is only a matter of time before things eventually come together or tear apart- with regards to this issue. For now, however, the most important thing to do is to try and make the most out of what we have while we intermittently hope for a better future. Below are some significances of power balance in understanding international security.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How useful is the concept of the â€Å"balance of power‟ for understanding international security today? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Usefulness of Power Balance in Understanding International Security Preliminarily, the concept of power balance helps in the understanding of international security by outlining which countries, nations, states or regions are well-vast in terms of security (Chandler 43-49). Once this is known, viable measures can be taken to help solve the situation. As was mentioned earlier, assessing for power balance calls for the assessment of aspects like technology, economic strength and geopolitical power, among other factors. In doing so, one is able to know the nature of a country’s or region’s security. For example, a country with poor economic strength essentially equals low security in terms of facets like food security, financial growth or even job security. Once this is known, relevant measures can be taken to solve the situation. A good example here is many financial aids that are normally sent by well-doing countries like USA and China to poverty-stricken countries in Africa. This greatly helps in ensuring that there is a balance of power. According to Benjian (1), â€Å"In the anarchic international environment, national states/regions are fearful of each other because of mutual misunderstandings.† As a result, security becomes a first priority for most nations. In effect, the race for military equipment and f inancial strength that can be used against other competitors becomes very vital. Often, countries that are already strong continue amassing more influence and become stronger while the weak ones dwindle downwards and become weaker. In such an instance, the institutionalization of on organization or body that balances power becomes very important. In relations to the above need for power balance; entities like the UN (United Nations), AU (African Union), and the EU (European Union) have been quite instrumental. Of course there have been some few complaints regarding fairness of these organizations but, in overall; their performance in regulation and balance of power thus ensuring better security, has been commendable- to say the least. Another important subject of concern with regards to power balance and international security is globalization. Primarily, Streeten asserts that â€Å"Globalisation is transforming trade, finance, employment, migration, technology, communications, the environment, social systems, ways of living, cultures, and patterns of governance.† On the other hand, Goyal (1) says that â€Å"The term Globalisation refers to the integration of economies of the world through uninhibited trade and financial flows, as also through mutual exchange of technology and knowledge.† These definitions generally state that, in Globalisation, barriers to trade are vehemently broken down so as to pave way for reduced capital controls and the cutting down of transportation costs which, in turn, promote efficacy of economic markets and smooth running of trade.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More relevantly, globalization has reportedly been able to improve communication, transportation, education, technological systems, governance, job opportunities, and economic diversification as well as interdependence, among many others. In effect, this has greatly helped in bettering the balance of powers here include (but are not limited to) increased world peace through signing of treaties and sanctioning of laws, better donor and relief aids being distributed to poor countries, offering a sense of direction and leadership to economically growing countries, prevention of some and finally, unifying some regions and countries. All these have greatly helped in making the world safer than it was before. So whereas the likes of U.S, Russia, Germany and China have a part to play as some of strongest countries and states in the world, people in the grassroots also have to play their part. It is only through this that positive change can be utterly enhanced. Benjian, Xin. â€Å"Securi ty Dilemma, Balance of Power Vs. US Policy Towards China in the Post-Cold War Era.† September 2001. Xiandai Guoji Guanxi (Contemporary International Relations). Web. Chandler, David. International Statebuilding The Rise of the Post-Liberal Paradigm. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010. Print. Chatergee, Patricia. The Classical Balance of Power Theory. Journal of Peace Research, 9 (1972), 51. Cox, Robert. â€Å"Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory Cox Millennium.†Journal of International Studies 10 (1981): 126-155. Goyal, Krish A. â€Å"Impact of Globalization on Developing Countries (With Special Reference to India).† International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Issue 5 (2006): 1-6. Hay, Colin. Political Analysis: A Critical Introduction, Basingstoke: Palgrave. Khalizad, Zamay. â€Å"U.S. Grand Strategy: Implications for the United States and the World.† Strategic Appraisal1996, (1996): 23-34. Kochler, Hans . â€Å"Global Security in the Absence of a Balance of Power: the Importance of Inter-regional Co-operation.† 2008. International Progress Organization. Web. Mearsheimer, John J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York, NY: Norton, 2001. Print. Nexon, Daniel H. â€Å"The Balance of Power in the Balance.† World Politics, 61 (2009): 330-359. Sheehan, Michael J. The Balance of Power: History Theory. New York; Routledge, 2000. Print. Shuja, Sharif M. â€Å"Coping with Globalization.† 2001. TheFreeLibrary. Web. Streeten, Paul. â€Å"Globalization: Threat or Opportunity?† 1998. TheFreeLibrary. Web. Walton, Sam., Huey, John. Made in America: My Story. New York: Doubleday, 1992. Waltz, Kenneth. Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison–Wesley Pub. Co., 1979. Print. Wohlforth, William C. â€Å"The Stability of a Unipolar World.† International Security, 24 (1999): 5–41.

New UK GAAP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

New UK GAAP - Assignment Example The need for a global reporting standard has gained more importance for small and medium sized organizations where the accountability of managers towards the investors are generally less transparent compared to large multi-national companies. Over the years such transparency might lead to mistrust between the owners and the managers leading to an Agency problem. Even though the advantage of general sets of international reporting standards are acknowledged, there are a certain implementation challenges at the international and domestic level if the objective of a harmonised and enhanced reporting structure is to be achieved. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Global Reporting Standards 4 Importance of Accounting Standards Bodies 6 Harmonization of Reporting Standards in Recent Times 7 Conclusion 8 References 10 Bibliography 11 Introduction A considerable amount of countries and entities around the globe have adopted IFRS (Internationa l Financial Reporting Standards) as the base for financial reporting with the means and objective to enhance the value of information on corporate performance. In the year 2010, a potential new framework proposed by the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) to replace current Irish and UK GAAP has revised the original proposal and released 3 new drafts Application of Financial Reporting Requirements FRS 100, 101, 102, etc. ... ts to FRS 102 (FRED 48) which was issued on October 2012 restricted the proposed scope and amendments relating to accounting of service concession arrangements and multi-employer pensions. In addition, FRED 48 also contains proposed comprehensive accounting standards based on IFRS for Small and Medium-sized Entities. Even though the advantage of general sets of international reporting standards are acknowledged, there are a certain operational challenges at the international and domestic level if the objective of a harmonised and enhanced reporting structure is to be achieved (FRC, 2013, pp.3-12). Advantages and Disadvantages of Global Reporting Standards The need for a global reporting standard has gained more importance for small and medium sized organizations where the accountability of managers towards the investors are generally less transparent compared to large multi-national companies. Over times such transparency might lead to mistrust between the owners and the managers lea ding to an Agency problem. The implication of non-transparent reporting can be better understood when one analyzes the global financial crisis of 2008. A vigilant scrutiny of the financial crisis reveals an underestimation of the risk associated with financial instruments (such as Mortgage based securities), that led to inflated expectations ultimately triggering global financial crisis. This underestimation of risk perception of the investors was primarily motivated from the improper financial reporting of entities. Hence, an establishment of suitable reporting standards for accounting along with suitable disclosures in the financial statements has become a challenging task (Kurz, 2004, pp.1-5). The industries have experienced some tremendous changes in terms of financial reporting and

Reserche proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reserche proposal - Essay Example The researcher has chosen to research the area of people with learning disabilities. Researcher because of experience of working in a PCT chose this subject area, where a large proportion of people with learning disabilities access primary health care services from independent contractors. The researcher works closely with a learning disabilities team and is carrying out research on their behalf that has a keen interest to identify the barriers for people with learning disabilities face, while accessing health services within Kensington and Chelsea PCT. As a health care practitioner, researcher is concerned that these people are discriminated against. The new government health strategy â€Å"our health, our care, our say† reinforces people rights and desires. Therefore, why not people with learning disability have a same right as other people and why they cannot access the same services. The aim of the study is to identify â€Å"Are health’s needs being met by GP services for people with learning disabilities?† The purpose of this study is to identify the most effective ways of closing the health gap and improving services so that people with learning disability problems have their physical needs met. A review of literature in this area was carried out using various search strategies (See appendix 1). Learning disability is a major concern around the world. Not all people share equal opportunities for good health and evidence indicates that people in less advantaged circumstances experience poorer health [1]. The poorer health of people with learning disabilities is the major concern in present circumstances. Therefore, this proposal will review the wider causes of health inequalities and consider how these affect people with learning disabilities. â€Å"People with learning disabilities have much poorer health than the general population and the NHS has traditionally failed to serve people with learning disabilities

Prison and Facilities Offering Rehabilitation Essay Example for Free

Prison and Facilities Offering Rehabilitation Essay Prisoner Rehabilitation is when a criminal offender has been reformed of their criminal behavior. Many correctional facilities offer several different types of rehabilitation programs to the offenders that are housed within the facility; unfortunately with many states seeing budget cuts these types of rehabilitation programs are being cut. With the amount of facilities offering rehabilitation programs are dwindling and the amount of prisoners increasing this could lead to major problems in the future. Prisoner rehabilitation is a way to try and ensure that upon the offenders release that society is safe from the offender’s criminal ways. Some correctional facilities offer rehabilitation programs like drug and alcohol rehab, religion, and anger management and that is just a few (Foster, 2006). First discussed back in the Twentieth Century although it is believed to of been used before than. Rehabilitation has never been the soul reason for the incarceration of a person. Prison official were not able to give a defined and clear method of rehabilitation (Foster, 2006). Scientific penology was a major role in defining and conducting structured thoughts and scientific studies that can be utilized through rehabilitation (Foster, 2006). Rehabilitation programs have an effect on prisoners, prisons, and society in general in different ways. Prison inmates who have these types of programs available it gives them something constructive to do with their time; when you are incarcerated believe it or not but all you have is time to kill. These types of rehabilitation programs can have a positive impact on the inmate’s lives and in turn on society. If an inmate can complete rehabilitation program while incarcerated and change their lifestyle when released it benefits not only the inmate but also helps society. These programs can help offenders by building their self worth so that they can believe they deserve better than a prison life and let them know that there is something more out there other than the prison life. Some say that these types of programs don’t work and in some cases they don’t but in some they  do work and can give an inmate a real chance to survive outside of the prison walls without reverting back to their criminal ways. The major problem that I see with the rehabilitation programs would be the fact that they are being cut and facilities that offer these programs are being closed. I have a very close family friend that is mandated to go through rehabilitation program from the courts yet they are sent to a facility where the rehabilitation program is not even offered due to budget cuts. The budget cuts and closing of facilities are only going to add to the over crowding population of inmates within the corrections facilities. So my recommendation is that these types of programs need to be offered at every prison and should but be affected by budget cuts. Reference: Foster, B. (2006). Corrections: The fundamentals. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Patriarchy in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis :: Metamorphosis essays

Patriarchy in The Metamorphosis Patriarchy, that is, the supremacy of the father in a family and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line, plays a major part in family life. However, the institution of patriarchy is not just limited to European cultures. In this essay, we will examine the instances of patriarchy in "The Metamorphosis" and compare it to instances in Japan. In the beginning of "The Metamorphosis," we can tell from the way Gregor's family is organized that Gregor is the 'father figure,' in that he is the primary breadwinner and the one who makes most of the decisions for his family. On page 1781, we can see Gregor thinking that me would "take charge of the family's affairs again," hence showing that before he turned into a bug, he was the dominant person in the family. He is the only person in the family who actually goes out to earn money. His father has already retired, while his mother and sister, following the standards of that time, do not go out and work. Gregor is the only one who goes out as a traveling salesman, and is responsible for earning money for the whole family. His father stays at home and only "lies wearily buried in bed"(1778) while Gregor goes out on business trips. From this, we can see that Gregor has taken over his father's responsibilities as head of the household. He is earning money and supporting the family while his father has retired and only stays at home, doing nothing. This conforms with the practice of patriarchy in that the son, Gregor in this case, inherits the position and responsibilitles as head of this household from his father. In Japan, the son of a family is expected to take over the responsibilities of taking care of his family when his father retires, similar to how Gregor takes over in his family. The son is also expected to look after his parents after they grow old and retire, similar to how Gregor looks after his retired father and mother. If he does not look after his parents, he is thought of as being 'unfilial' and seen as a bad person. In contrast, daughters are expected to go out and find a good husband and get married, similar to Grete at the end of "The

Lifestyle Essay

Ideally, the key segments selected would have high product penetration and would contain the highest proportions of hea^y users, indicating greater volume potential, a healthy position for the brand or brands under consideration, and favorable brand attitudes. This t’pe of ideal situation would make the selection of target segments quite easy. Unfortunately, this ideal situation seldom occurs in reality. The author’s experience with life style segmentation has shown that there tend to be three basic results in relationships between life style segments and the marketing data. First, two or three life style segments account for 60% or more of the total business in that category. This means that these segments (types of people) are crucial to success or failure in the category. They are the ones who need to be appealed to, reached through the media, and concentrated on in marketing. Second, a number of segments contain important levels of hea^ users of the category, and a few segments are relatively unimportant. Here one needs to go beyond the consumption data to examine the relative positions of the brands. Where is a brand strong and where is it weak? If a brand profile matches the heavy-user profiles by segments, then the task becomes one of maintaining the current position and perhaps expanding it. It may be that the segments where a brand is weak are different people with different needs, which might suggest a second brand. If, on the other hand, a brand profile does not match the heavier-using segments very well, there is a need to determine how to capture some business from those segments where competition is doing much better. Third, there are no significant differences in 36 Journal of Markeling, January 1974 onsumption among the segments, but definite attitude, product function, and life style similarities exist between groups of segments. In addition to providing input into the â€Å"who† of a marketing plan, life style segmentation often provides insights into the amount of concentration in a market: how difficult conversion of nonusers might be, the potential role of promotion, and the potential role of new products. For example, in one product categor>’ it was quite evident that ever;’ brand except one was targeted at the same life style segment. Although important, this segment comprised less than half of the users. Here was an instance where a marketing opportunity existed to target a new brand or reposition an older one at the other, less-concentrated segments. The author is aware of one situation in which life style segmentation was particularly useful in basic media strategy, when an important segment appeared to be more print-oriented and a light daytime television viewer. Using the demographics of that life style segment, further analysis of Life style segmentation is useful because it provides a unique and important view of the market. It begins with the people—their life styles and motivations—and then determines how various marketing factors fit into their lives. This perspective often provides fresh insights into the market and gives a more three-dimensional view of the target consumers. This article has described the theory underlying life style segmentation, a two-step analytic process, and uses which have been made of the data. This unique and detailed knowledge of consumers has been a useful input to marketing and advertising planning for many of the companies that have been involved in life style segmentation studies. 9. â€Å"How Nestle Uses Psychographics,† Media Decisions.

Family As A Broken Family - 1204 Words

Family is very important as it shapes our development and personality. The family protects your dignity and takes care of your well being. Family also gives us teachings that guide us throughout our lives and these are the values we carry everywhere we go. In addition, your family comes to your aid during hard times. Family is the building block of a successful person. Family is the first friend; first brick and first memory of a person. It can either make you or break you into pieces. A broken family is typically considered to be a family where one of the parents is missing due to divorce or perhaps the second parent was never part of the family. There are ways to minimize the emotional impact that individual usually feel in these kinds†¦show more content†¦They have to wait for better future because circumstances cannot be changed overnight. A lady has her rights, as a mother, sister, wife and daughter but there is a limit for everyone. Every mother thinks that her daughter in law should serve her by living with her but wants to marry her daughter in small family where there is no sister of boy and mother of the is already died. A husband has all the responsibilities to take care of family kids and keep her wife happy by fulfilling her due demands. But girls of the day want upper hand over their husbands, they expect from their husbands that they should obey them as Murshad. I personally have observed so many brainless husbands in market who is carrying purse of her wife in one hand, shopping in the other hand, taking care of the kids as well, whereas tight fitting dopattaless wife is roaming in the market as if nobody is watching her. What I think today’s education is making girls ignorant of social set up. The highly educated a woman is the more rash behavior she would be having with her husband. Sheikh Saadi says: â€Å"Education teaches person humbleness. Higher the educated person is the more humble s/he should be†. In our society the situation is contrary both in men and women. I have selected this topic to prove the myths of the people wrong who think that everything will be fine when relationship ends. But we believe that for young individuals it’s actually aShow MoreRelatedBroken Family3631 Words   |  15 PagesChapter I Problem and Its Setting Introduction Family is the basic components of the society. And the researcher believes that the number one ingredients on youth’s happy life are their family, that the parents are the most important source of youth’s behavior, which effect to their outlook in life. So if the parents are separated, how does it affect the youth and what can they do about it? 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The fact that STMA boasts of Numerous awards in the performing arts, sports and academics serves enough information to arouse our curiosity. This study also hopes to establish whether being Part of broken family influences m akes student a leader, aRead MoreDinner at the Homesick Restaurant:The Broken Family Dynamic of the Tull Family1296 Words   |  6 PagesIn Anne Tyler’s Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant, the negative effects of a broken marriage on the family are continually presented through the use of multiple characters’ internal and external dialogue, along with their interpretations of events that determine their overall outlook on the world. Contrary to the â€Å"normative† family structure consisting of two parents, this family is run solely by the mother, Pearl Tull, who is often overwhelmed by her role of being the exclusive support for her threeRead MoreBroken Family After The Second Divorce1225 Words   |  5 Pagespart of my brain at all times. 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